Functions of 10% Ammonium Persulfate Solution

Sodium Persulfate and Potassium Persulfate
Sodium and potassium persulfate are white crystalline powders, odorless, and decompose upon contact with metals.

Functions and Applications:
1. Ammonium Persulfate: Used as an oxidizing agent, bleaching agent, and desizing agent.
2. Ammonium Persulfate: Used as an etchant, initiator, and in the production of hydrogen peroxide.
3. Potassium Persulfate: Acts as an initiator in emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, acrylates, acrylonitrile, styrene, and vinyl chloride.
4. Potassium Persulfate: Functions as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.
5. Sodium Persulfate: Used as an oxidizing agent, battery depolarizer, and polymerization promoter.

How to Prepare 10% Ammonium Persulfate Solution:
1. Saturated Solution Method: Add pre-prepared saturated ammonium sulfate to the target solution. This method ensures high accuracy with minimal pH changes, suitable for pH-sensitive proteins (e.g., enzymes).
2. Direct Addition Method: Add solid ammonium sulfate directly to the target solution. This method is faster but may slightly lower the pH, and it is suitable for proteins less sensitive to pH changes.

Preparation Example:
To prepare 10% ammonium persulfate, dissolve 150g of ammonium persulfate in approximately 600ml of water, then measure 500ml of the resulting solution for use.

Is 10% Ammonium Persulfate Toxic?

Ammonium persulfate is a strong oxidizing agent and can decompose to release toxic nitrogen oxides when heated or in contact with reducing agents. It must be handled with care due to its corrosive and irritating nature.

Properties of Ammonium Persulfate:
• Chemical Formula: (NH₄)₂S₂O₈
• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Properties: Strong oxidizing and corrosive properties
• Applications:
• Battery industry
• Polymerization initiator
• Desizing agent in the textile industry
• Metal and semiconductor surface treatment
• Photographic chemical for removing hypo
• Oil layer fracturing in petroleum extraction

Functions of Ammonium Persulfate:

Ammonium persulfate is a strong oxidizing agent and is primarily used for oxidation in chemical processes. In acidic solutions, it can oxidize manganese (II) ions to permanganate ions. It is widely used in analytical chemistry, chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and as a polymerization initiator.

Functions of Ammonium Sulfate:
1. Agricultural Fertilizer: Known as ammonium fertilizer, it promotes robust crop growth and enhances crop resistance.
2. Chemical Manufacturing: Used to produce ammonium chloride, ammonium alum, and refractory materials.
3. Electroplating: Enhances conductivity in plating solutions.
4. Food Industry: Used as a catalyst for caramel coloring and as a nitrogen source in yeast fermentation.
5. Leather Industry: Used as a deliming agent.
6. Rare Earth Mining: Used as an ion-exchange agent for extracting rare earth elements.
7. Protein Purification: Ammonium sulfate is highly soluble and forms high-salt environments, aiding in protein precipitation and purification.

Polymerization Principle of Ammonium Persulfate:

Ammonium persulfate decomposes to generate sulfate radicals, which initiate polymerization by activating monomers and forming monomer radicals. During this process, ammonium persulfate loses its radicals and does not integrate into the final polymer structure.

This versatility in ammonium persulfate and ammonium sulfate makes them essential in chemical synthesis, polymer industries, and biological applications.