The chemical system of the flotation plant is related to factors such as the nature of the ore, the process flow, and the types of mineral processing products that need to be obtained. It is usually determined through optional testing of ores or semi-industrial testing. The pharmaceutical system is an important factor affecting the technical and economic indicators of mineral processing. How to add the correct dosage of pharmaceuticals is crucial.
1. The types of pharmaceuticals are divided according to their functions and can be roughly divided into three categories:
(1) Foaming agent: organic surface-active substances distributed on the water-vapor interface. Used to produce a foam layer that can float minerals. Foaming agents include pine oil, cresol oil, alcohols, etc. (2) Collecting agent: Collecting agent can change the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface and make the floating mineral particles adhere to the bubbles. Commonly used collectors include black medicine, xanthate, white medicine, fatty acids, fatty amines, mineral oil, etc.
(3) Adjuster: Adjuster includes activator and inhibitor, which changes the properties of the surface of mineral particles and affects the function of minerals and collectors ① pH adjuster: lime, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide; ② Activator: copper sulfate, sulfide Sodium; ③ Inhibitors: lime, yellow blood salt, sodium sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sodium cyanide, zinc sulfate, potassium dichromate, water glass, tannin, soluble colloid, starch, synthetic high molecular polymer, etc.; ④ Others: wetting agents, floating agents, solubilizers, etc.
2. The dosage of reagents should be just right during flotation. Insufficient or excessive dosage will affect the mineral processing index, and excessive dosage will increase the cost of mineral processing. The impact of different dosages of reagents on flotation indicators: ① Insufficient dosage of collector will lead to insufficient hydrophobicity of the minerals, thereby reducing the mineral recovery rate, while excessive dosage will reduce the quality of the concentrate and bring difficulties to flotation; ② Insufficient dosage of foaming agent will lead to poor foam stability, and excessive dosage will cause “groove running” phenomenon; ③ If the dosage of activator is too small, the activation effect will be poor, and excessive dosage will destroy the flotation process. Selectivity; ④ Insufficient dosage of inhibitors will result in low concentrate grade, and excessive amounts of inhibitors will inhibit the minerals that should emerge and reduce the recovery rate.
3. Pharmacy configuration dilutes solid pharmaceuticals into liquids for easy addition. Agents with poor water solubility, such as xanthate, ampicillin, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate, sodium sulfide, etc., are all prepared into aqueous solutions and added in concentrations ranging from 2% to 10%. Agents that are insoluble in water should be dissolved with a solvent first, and then added into an aqueous solution, such as amine collectors. Some can be added directly, such as #2 oil, #31 black powder, oleic acid, etc. For pharmaceuticals that are easily soluble in water and have a large dosage, the preparation concentration is generally 10 to 20%. For example, sodium sulfide is prepared at 15% when used. For pharmaceuticals that are poorly soluble in water, organic solvents can be used to dissolve them and then be prepared into low-concentration solutions. The choice of pharmaceutical preparation method is mainly based on the properties, addition methods and functions of the pharmaceutical. The usual preparation methods are: ① Prepare a 2% to 10% aqueous solution. Most water-soluble pharmaceuticals are prepared in this way (such as xanthate, copper sulfate, sodium silicate, etc.) ② Prepare with a solvent, some are insoluble in water Medicines can be dissolved in special solvents ③ and prepared into suspensions or emulsions. For some solid medicines that are not easily soluble, they can be prepared into emulsions. Usually collectors and foaming agents can be stirred for 1-2 minutes, but some agents require stirring for a long time.
Post time: Nov-05-2024
